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Solid
Particulates Table of Contents Physical & Chemical Properties Hard particles which may be present in a new machine, those which invade the system, or are formed by the system are: shop debris such as welding or grinding splatter; sand and other earth materials; and wear fragments such as work hardened iron. If their size is near oil film thicknesses, they will embed, dent, or abrade surfaces, thus reducing component life. Abrasion can be detected on a worn part by observation of parallel scratches in the direction of sliding, or by microchips and abrasive particles in the used oil. The amount of abrasives is measured by ES showing high concentrations of metals such as silicon and aluminum from sand or clay. The amount of iron or other metals worn off is also determined by ES (as discussed previously, subject to particle size limitations) and by wear particle analysis. Wear particle analysis (using microscopic techniques) reveals the amount of iron, and the iron microchips characteristic of abrasion. One method of separating magnetic material for measurement of the amount and type passes the oil over a glass microscope slide resting on a pair of strong magnets. Magnetic particles, and any particles associated with them, are deposited on the slide. After de-oiling, the deposits are evaluated microscopically. Investigation into the type and amount of contamination by solids is typically carried out using an extraction process, microscopic observation, and particle counters. For microscopic observation the particles must be separated by settling (see Reference 11), or centrifuged from the oil, de-oiled and dried. Many particles such as sand, metal chips, steel shot, and weld splatter are recognizable. There are three common types of instruments for counting particles automatically. They employ light scattering using a laser beam, light interruption or blockage using a light source and a detector, or flow decay or pressure drop using different size screens and sensors. For more information call 1-888-HERGUTH (437-4884) |
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